Explanation of Datum/Elevation

The term "datum" and "elevation", used in the "Location" or "Gage" paragraphs, refers to the base, or 0.0 foot gage-height (stage), for a data collection site or gage. The term datum is used when the base gage-height has been surveyed from benchmarks or precision GPS, and the term elevation is used when the base gage-heights has been determined from less accurate means, such as with a map or a barometer.

A full description can be found at:
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/current/?type=datum